Adding Suffixes to Base Words (-s, -es)

"It's time to check our stock!" "One toy, one brush, one berry, one chicken. Oh, that's a customer. Sorry sir!" "We need more of everything!" "But the signs Koko. The signs!" Let's help Koko and Pip fix their store signs by adding suffixes to base words. Suffixes are word parts that are added to the end of base, or root, words that can change the word meaning. Today we will be learning about suffixes that can change words from singular, one, to plural, many. These suffixes are -s and -es. First, let's look at the different rules for the suffix, -s. Here is the first rule: When a word ends in a vowel then y, add -s. Turkey ends with the vowel e then y, so add -s to make the plural, turkeys. What about the word, toy? Toy ends with the vowel o then y so add -s to make the word, toys. Here is the next rule: When a word ends with o, we also add an -s. Piano ends with o, so add -s to make the plural, pianos. What about the word, photo? Photo ends with o, so add -s to make the word, photos. Of course, there are some exceptions to this rule, where you add -es instead! Tomato becomes tomatoes. Tornado becomes tornadoes. Now, let's look at the suffix, -es. Here is the first rule: When a word ends in s, ss, sh, ch, x, or z add the suffix -es. The word bus ends with s, so add -es to make the plural, bus. What about the word, brush? Brush ends with sh so add -es to make the word brushes. Here is the next rule: If a word ends with -fe or -f, replace the -fe or -f with a v, then add -es. The word wife ends with -fe, so replace the -fe with a v, then add -es to make the plural, wives. What about the word, wolf? Wolf ends with f, so replace the f with v, then add -es, to get the word wolves. Of course, there are some exceptions to this rule, where you just add -s instead! Chief becomes chiefs. Belief becomes beliefs. Here is the final rule: When a word ends in a consonant then y, replace the y with an i, and add -es. Fly ends in the consonant l then y, so replace the y with i, and add -es, to make the plural, flies. What about the word, berry? Berry has the consonant r then a y, so replace the y with i, and add -es, to make the plural, berries. While Koko and Pip finishing fixing the store signs, let's review! Remember, words can be changed from singular to plural by adding the suffixes -s and -es. There are rules to follow to know which suffix to use. Here are the rules for the suffix, -s. Here are the rules for the suffix, -es. "I'm sure glad we fixed the signs, the order came in pretty fast!" "Hopefully we will sell more items now! But I do worry we have too much."